Study Unravels New Protein Complex that Repairs Broken DNA Ends

In a major breakthrough in cancer research, a team of scientists from the University of Toronto, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, The Netherlands Cancer Institute and the University of Bern have discovered how cells repair damaged strands of DNA. They revealed a brand new protein complex in cells that protect broken DNA ends and causes its repair, in their study published in Nature on Wednesday.

Promising new drugs called PARP inhibitors or platinum-based chemotherapies to target the same type of DNA repair system that this complex, named as ‘Sheildin’ complex, activates for use in cancer cells. It was also found to be involved in the production of precise antibodies in an immune response and thus, mutations could lead to immune-related disorders.

The discovery could guide investigations to project and monitor treatment for patients with mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 or other DNA repair genes, treated with platinum-based chemotherapies or exciting new drugs called PARP inhibitors which cash in upon the inability of cancer cells to repair their DNA.

The Shieldin complex, when intact, attaches itself to the broken DNA, compelling cancer cells to try to repair their DNA in a manner that renders them susceptible to PARP inhibitors and platinum chemotherapies. However, any mutation leads to immediate resistance to PARP inhibitors.

Study lead author and professor at the University of Toronto, Daniel Durocher said, "PARP inhibitors hold great promise for breast and ovarian cancer treatment, but we must understand why they sometimes don't work, or stop working altogether. Knowing more about how cancer evades PARP inhibition by studying basic DNA repair mechanisms brings us a big step closer to this objective, which will improve how we treat some of the most intractable cancers." 

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China’s Import and Export Report of Peptic Ulcer Drugs

Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach and the upper portion of your small intestine. The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is stomach pain.

There is an increasing number of people with irregular diets due to the accelerated pace of modern life. Thus, more and more people suffer from peptic ulcer diseases, stimulating the need for peptic ulcer drugs.

Today, Ddu, the leading global pharmaceutical & medical device B2B online platform, will be sharingChina’s Import and Export Report of Peptic Ulcer Drugs with you.

I. Global situation of peptic ulcer drugs market

The sales of peptic ulcer drugs account for the biggest part of digestive system drugs and according to the classification of the European Pharmaceutical Research Market Association, they can be divided into the following 5 categories:

Proton Pump Inhibitor

H2-antagonists

Bismuth Preparations

Prostaglandins

Others

According to IMS statistics, the global market of peptic ulcer drugs in 2016 was 20.83 billion USD. The market share of the main products are shown in the following chart.

Source: IMS

PPI became the main treatment for ulcers due to its fast-acting, long-lasting effects and good acid suppression.

The global proton pump inhibitor (PPI) market was 18.146 billion USD in 2016, accounting for 87.2% of the global market for peptic ulcer drugs.

In addition to this, omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole and esomeprazole were the leading products in peptic ulcer drugs market.

Source: PDB, CNKI

Currently, the key markets for peptic ulcer drugs are Europe, North America and Asia.

The Chinese market ranked first amongst the Asian markets with 1.125 billion USD. The chart below indicates the markets for other regions.

Source: PDB, CNKI

II. Chinese peptic ulcer drugs market

Different from those in global markets, peptic ulcer drugs in the Chinese market are mainly divided into the following categories:

Proton Pump Inhibitors

H2-antagonists

Mucosal Protective Agents

Others

According to the statistics of PDB, the Chinese peptic ulcer drugs market is growing year by year with a market size exceeding 7.43 billion RMB in 2016 and is expected to reach 8 billion RMB in 2017.

2014-2017 Growth Trend of Global Market of Anti-Peptic Ulcer Drugs (100 Million RMB)

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) accounted for 91.8% of the Chinese peptic ulcer drugs market H2-antagonists 4.3%, Mucosal Protective Agents 2.1% and others 1.8%.

As indicated on the chart below, PPIs dominate the market followed by omeprazole for injection (45%), pantoprazole for injection (37%), lansoprazole for injection (12%) and esomeprazole for injection (6%).

Source: PDB

According to the statistics of PDB, public hospitals in major cities in China spent 4.5 billion RMB on PPIs in 2016, an increase of 6% over the previous year. Lansoprazole ranked first with market sales of 1.239 billion RMB, an increase of 5.52 %.

III. China’s imports of peptic ulcer drugs

Domestically manufacture generic drugs are taking the place of imported peptic ulcer drugs. Thus, imported peptic ulcer drugs only accounted for 16.7% of the peptic ulcer drugs market with a total import of 1.24 billion RMB.

China mainly imported esomeprazole, omeprazole and hydrotalcite from AstraZeneca and Bayer.

PPI esomeprazole (Nexium) from AstraZeneca took up a comparatively big share of China’s imported drugs. The chart below indicates China’s peptic ulcer drug imports of 2016.

Source: PDB

IV. China’s export of peptic ulcer drugs

With the encouragement of the national industrial policy and the support of technological developments, China’s export market of peptic ulcer drugs is developing rapidly with growing exports.

According to the statistics of China custom, exports of pantoprazole sodium and omeprazole are as follows:

Source: China Custom

V. Chinese leading peptic ulcer drugcompanies

•  Cisen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd

Cisen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd is a comprehensive chemical manufacturing enterprise in China, one of the top 100 Chinese pharmaceutical industry companies and a national high-tech company.

Representative product: Pantoprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets, omeprazole for injection, omeprazole enteric-coated tablets and Lansoprazole tablets

Indications: Duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer

Main exporting regions: Pakistan, Angola, Venezuela, Nicaragua and others

• Jiangsu Aosaikang pharmaceutical Co., Ltd

Jiangsu Aosaikang pharmaceutical Co., Ltd is a research-based pharmaceutical enterprise that integrates and streamlines innovative research and development with manufacturing, marketing promotions and sales of proprietary pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals and health care products.

Representative product: Omeprazole sodium for injection and lansoprazole for injection

Indications: Peptic ulcer and hemorrhage

Main exporting regions: USA

• Youcare Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.

Youcare Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. is involved in drug research and development, pharmaceutical manufacturing, distribution and sales, and foreign trade as one of the private pharmaceutical enterprise groups.

Representative product: Omeprazole enteric-coated capsules

Indications: Gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer

Main exporting regions: More than 40 countries and regions such as Russia, Pakistan, Germany, Africa, Latin America

VI. There is a great potential market for pantoprazole

Due to social development, environmental changes, population structures and people's lifestyles, the incidence of peptic ulcers caused by smoking, drinking, emotional stress and drug stimulation is getting higher and higher. In China and around the world, the number of patients with peptic ulcer disease is rapidly increasing. Thus, prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer disease has become an urgent matter.

Ddu, the leading global pharmaceutical & medical device B2B online platform, believes that pantoprazole, as a new generation of proton pump inhibitors, is more stable than that of mono alkoxyl pyridine and has better selective effect on parietal cells. Moreover, compared with omeprazole and lansoprazole, pantoprazole is safer and more effective when used in combination with other drugs and has good anti-acid secretion effects. Therefore, pantoprazole is a highly selective H+，K+-ATP enzyme inhibitor with good curative effects and minimal side effect.

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China’s Import and Export Market Report of Contraceptive Drugs

Research by the World Health Organization has shown that“Physically, it is much more difficult to stop the production of millions of sperm per day for men than to prevent women from releasing an egg every month.”

In the contraceptive drugs market, contraceptive drugs for women account for 90%, and is gradually becoming just as accepted in China as it is in most other parts of the world.

Contraceptive drugs can be divided into short-acting oral contraceptives, contraceptives for topical use, long-acting oral contraceptives and emergency contraceptives according to the directions and efficacy.

Today, Ddu, the leading global pharmaceutical and medical device B2B online platform, will share China’s Import and Export Market Report of Contraceptive Drugs with you.

I. General situation of the global contraceptive drugs market

According to the statistics of the UN database, the major areas of global consumption of contraceptives are mainly distributed across North America, Asia and the European Union with the main countries being the United States, Belgium, Russia, Canada and the United Kingdom.

However, due to the economic and cultural differences, women in different countries and regions have adopted different contraceptive methods and oral contraceptives are generally preferred by women in developed countries. German, for example, women use oral contraceptives for an average of 6.5 years, in France, 5.6 years, and in the United Kingdom, 5.5 years.

According to the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), oral contraceptives, which are characterized by their high efficacy, low side effects and good cycle regulation, can also improve women's skin condition and bleeding patterns and are being used by more and more women of childbearing age. At the same time, scientists are constantly working hard to develop more safe and effective oral contraceptives.

II. China’s market of contraceptive drugs

In recent years, the contraceptive drugs market has been expanding with an increasing demand for contraception due to raised awareness of healthy reproduction.

According to PDB statistics, the contraceptive drugs market in China reached 3.39 billion Yuan in 2016, an increase of 3.8% from 2015. Additionally, the market share of short-acting oral contraceptives, long-acting oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives and contraceptives for topical use was 6%, 0.4%, 69.6% and 4% respectively.

Emergency contraceptives ranked first in China's contraceptive drugs market with a huge market share followed by short-acting oral contraceptives.

Although short-acting oral contraceptives didn't take up the largest market share of contraceptives in China, their potential for development is worth looking into. Since they were released onto the market in the 1960s, short-acting oral contraceptives have undergone various changes from generation to generation. As their drug structure was continuously optimized, contraceptive efficiency gradually enhanced and side effects reduced, they were welcomed by women in Europe and the United States.

III. China’s import of contraceptive drugs

Although there is great market potential for oral contraceptives, there is a noticeable lack of high quality contraceptive products in China. Currently most domestic companies lack the necessary market awareness and with only single product structures and weak independent research and development capabilities (including secondary product development), China has not yet formed proper R&D entities and thus needs to import foreign high-quality products to meet the demands of the domestic market.

At present, as indicated on the chart below, the market segment of the domestic oral contraceptive market and the imported drugs market is very distinct Yu Ting, emergency contraceptives from Zizhu Pharma, is the top representative of domestic contraceptive drugs while Yasmin and Diane-35, short-acting oral contraceptives from Bayer Healthcare, are the main imported contraceptive drugs.

IV. China’s contraceptive drugs exports

It is estimated that China has about 350 million women of childbearing age in need of contraception, creating huge market capacity. Due to the continuous improvement of the family planning policy and social call, population control has drawn great attention from medical professionals. The result of this is that many pharmaceutical companies have become involved in the production of contraceptives and some of them have developed international markets. According to the data of China customs, China's contraceptive drug exports in 2016 was 11,758,000 USD and the major export products were as follows:

V. Domestic leading contraceptive drug companies

a. Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., domestic professional manufacturer of steroid drugs, is a designated drug producer of national family planning and a key high-tech enterprise of the National Torch Program.

Representative drugs: Yiting (Levonorgestrel Tablets)

Indication: Emergency contraception for women

Main exporting areas: USA, European Union, South Korea, Colombia and other countries

b. Shanghai pharmaceutical(Sine) Co,. Ltd.

One of the earliest ethnic chemical and pharmaceutical companies in modern China an industrial entity of the Chinese chemical pharmaceutical companies with the most products and formulations.

Representative drugs: Yiting (Levonorgestrel Tablets)

Indication: Emergency contraception for women

Main exporting areas: USA, UK, Canada, Australia and other countries

c. Regenex Pharmaceuticals. Co,. Ltd.

High-tech pharmaceutical company engaged in R&D, production and sales of reproductive health drugs, chronic drugs and external drugs.

Representative drugs: Danmei (Levonorgestrel Enteric-coated Tablets)

Indication: Emergency contraception for women

Main exporting areas: USA

IV. Short-acting oral contraceptives may be the new favorite of market

As one of the most effective methods to prevent a pregnancy after unprotected sex, the market is sure to grow. Moreover, the research on contraceptives in the market mainly follows three principles: effectiveness, less estrogen and side effects. Thus, Ddu, the leading global pharmaceutical & medical device B2B online platform, suggests that due to the distinct market potential, there is ample opportunity to explore and develop the short-acting oral contraceptive market in China. As a results of the rise in awareness of the benefits of these short-acting contraceptives, it won’t be long before they replace emergency contraceptives to become the new favorite in the Chinese market.

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China’s Import and Export Market Report of Diabetes Drugs

China’s Import and Export Market Report of Diabetes Drugs

May 4, 2018  Source: Ddu 3,376

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and is mainly classified into type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes and others. Worldwide, 90% of diabetic patients suffer from type 2 diabetes, which greatly promotes the development of the diabetes drug market.

Clinically, diabetes drugs mainly include insulin, α-glycosidase inhibitors, sulfonylureas, biguanides, glinides, and new target drugs such as DPP-4, GLP-1, and SGLT-2.

Today, Ddu, the leading global pharmaceutical & medical device B2B online platform, will share China’s Import and Export Market Report of Diabetes Drugs with you.

1. Global situation of the diabetes drug market.

According to data of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the global diabetes drug market in 2017 exceeded 70 billion USD and the number of patients worldwide reached 425 million. Among them, the number of diabetic patients in China (114.4 million people) ranked first in the world, followed by India (72.9 million) and the United States (30.2 million). It is estimated that by 2045, the number of diabetic patients in India (143 million people) will overtake that of China (119.8 million people).

Source: IDF

According to the article "World's Top Ten Diabetes Drugs" released by FiercePharma 2016, the diabetes market is currently dominated by pharmaceutical giants such as Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Merck, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson.

Source: FiercePharma

Source: FiercePharma

Currently, the most popular diabetes drug in the global diabetes drug market is insulin. Among the top ten diabetes drugs in the world in 2016, there were six insulin products, accounting for nearly half of the shares of the global diabetes drug market. DPP-4 drugs and GLP-1 drugs also took up a relatively large share.

Global Top 10 Sales of Diabetes Drugs

2. China’s diabetes drug market

 China is the country with the largest number of diabetic patients and the fastest growing prevalence of diabetes in the world. And with this increasing prevalence of diabetes, improvement of people’s living and medical standards, the market for diabetes medicines in China is expanding year by year. It is expected that by 2022, the market size will be close to 43.7 billion Yuan.

Source: IDF

At present, the domestic diabetes market has been monopolized by foreign companies, but it is worth mentioning that domestically produced hypoglycemic agents are gradually emerging in the this field and some products have gained a significant market share, such as Acarbose tablets from Huadong Medicine and insulin glargine injection from Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals.

According to IDF statistics, the rankings of China's best-selling diabetes drugs in 2016 were as follows:

Source: IDF

3. The clinical situation of domestic diabetes drugs

Treatment for diabetes has always been a battleground for many drug companies, and with the rise in the incidence of diabetes, the demand for diabetes drugs has become higher.

With the advent of the patent cliff, the domestic market for diabetes drugs discovery has been extremely active under the attraction of huge markets. According to the database of yaozh.com, relevant clinical trials of diabetes drugs in 2017 were as follows:

Source: IDF

4. China’s import of diabetes drugs

Due to the aging of most domestic products, there is still a gap between imported products and foreign products. Currently, the domestic market for diabetes drugs is dominated by foreign brands, especially Bayer Healthcare whose competitive product, Acarbose, monopolized 30% of all market shares.

As new foreign-funded drugs surge into China, Dapagliflozin, empagliflozin and Canagliflozin also accounted for a certain share of the imports. According to Chinese customs’ statistics, China’s diabetes drugs imports amounted to 4.406 billion USD in 2016:

Source: China Customs

5. China’s export of diabetes drugs

Imported drugs, whether oral drugs or insulin, have almost secured monopoly in terms of diabetes treatment. However, with the improvement of pharmaceutical technology of Chinese pharmaceutical companies, many domestic generic drugs are also increasingly welcomed by foreign markets.

Insulin glargine injection from Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals, as the first generic drug in domestic market, has been a leader in the production, research and development of insulin in China. Its main exporting countries are Mexico, Pakistan and Thailand where the biopharmaceutical industry started relatively late with great demand.

In addition to this, Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals has succeeded in occupying a position in India (an emerging market where the biopharmaceutical industry is well developed) due to its excellent quality. Other Chinese companies doing well in this field are Hisun Pharmaceutical and Dongbao Diabetes.

1) Gan & Lee PharmaceuticalCo,. Ltd

A professional company specializing in the biosynthesis of human insulin analogues focused on being a leader in the field both in China and abroad in terms of development and production of bio-synthesized human insulin and its analogues.

Representative product: Recombinant Insulin Glargine Injection

Indication: Diabetes

Major exporting regions: USA, EU, Asia

2) Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co,. Ltd

One of the top 100 enterprises with comprehensive strengths in the Chinese chemical and pharmaceutical industry and industrial group composed of raw material medicines, pharmaceutical preparations, biological medicines, innovative drugs, and commercial circulation.

Representative product: Rosiglitazone Hydrochloride Tablets

Indication: Type 2 diabetes

Major exporting regions: More than 70 countries and regions such as Europe, America and Asia

3)Dongbao Diabetes Co,. Ltd

A large pharmaceutical company that produces Chinese and Western medicines and biological medicines.

Representative product: Recombinant Human Insulin Injection

Indication: Diabetes

Major exporting regions: 15 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas

6. There is great potential in Hypoglycemic Chinese medicine market.

With the increasing awareness of diabetes and the constant discovery of new treatments for diabetes, the demand for diabetes drugs has been on the rise. At present, the market for diabetes drugs is divided into western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Western medicine has a strong and rapid hypoglycemic effect, but it often lacks overall coordination, which is not conducive to the long-term use of diabetic patients, while Chinese medicine starts with overall regulation with fewer adverse reactions and can improve clinical symptoms and effectively prevent complications, but its hypoglycemic effect works slower.

Ddu, the leading global pharmaceutical & medical device B2B online platform, suggests that, in the study of modern medical research methods of Western medicine, it's of great importance for us to learn from each other's strengths and combine them to emphasize syndrome differentiation and individualized drug administration, to control blood sugar, prevent and treat the occurrence and development of diabetic complications, and improve the quality of the lives of patients. In all, China's pharmaceutical companies still have great room for development in the diabetes drug industry.

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